Internal-combustion engine



3 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. A. MOULD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Nov. 25, 1930.

Originai Filed Oct. 21, 1927 INVENTOR.

Nov. 25, 1930. J. A. MOULD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Fi led Oct.

21, 1927. 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 A TTORNEYQY Nov. 25, 1930. J. A. MOULD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed 00%. 21, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVEN TOR. /M 41 flaw/J BY A TTORNEY:

35 ter,

Patented Nov. 25,.1930

I'UNITEDFSTATES PATENT OFFICE James A; MO'ULD, or MILWAUKEE, wrscoivsrn mrnmmrrcomnusrron ENGINE origin l application flled October 21", 1927, Serial No. 227,656. Divided andthis application filed September:

18, 1928. Serial No. 306,770.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines. It is the object of the invention to provide a novel and improved form of internal combustion engine of the type shown in the patent to Saunders,'No. 1,463,595 and improved as to structure for the purpose of rendering it more efiicient and less subject to breakage than has heretofore been possible. This is a division of my application No. 227,656, filed October 21, 1927.

In View of the heat mal operation, fuel tank "mounted directly upon the implement. Connect-ions from the fuel tank to the implement, however, must be of such a nature that no damage will result from the terrific vibration to which the parts are subject during use. It is one of the purposes of the developed during norpresent invention to provide a novel and improved structure in which the fuel tank and carbureting device are unitarily mounted by a single set of bolts which, connect tankunit directly to the manifold, thereby dispensing with communicating tubing of anv kind.

lt is a furtherobjectof the invention to minimize difliculties heretofore experienced with carburetion in two cycle engines. Such 3o engines are frequentlyvery hard tostart due J to flooding by excess of fuel at the carbureter. The present invention contemplates the elimination of difficulties of this character not through any change in the carburebutthrougha modification of manifold design whereby the charge compressed below the piston is impelled past the mixing valve or carburetor on its way to the combustion chamber, whereby to sweep the manifold free from accumulations of liquid fuel therein. Another object of the present invention has reference to the assembly of the several parts in a device of this character whereby constructionand repair of the tool'is simplitie d and the cost of manufacture minimized. Other objects include the provision of means for minimizing heat transference through the solid piston required for the purposes of 1 this tool the provision ofa novel and convenientset of handles for controlling the opit is undesirable to have the the fuel eration of the tool and enclosing lead wires from a suitable battery, the provision of a novel'and improved timer, and means other than the timer for guiding the piston.

In the drawing: s r

Figure 1 is a vertical axial section-through a device embodying this invention in the plane 'indicated'at 11 inFigure 2. 1 Figure 2 is a plan view of the tool. 1 Figure 3 is a bottom View of the tool. Figure 4 is a section taken in the plane in dicated by line H in Figure 1.

Figure 5 is/a section taken in the plane indicated by line 5-5 in Figure 1.

Figure 6 is a view taken in section in the plane indicated at 6-.-'- 6 in Figure 1. Figure 7 is a fragmental detail of the breather tube taken in section in the plane indicated by line 7 7 in Figure 1.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary View partly in section, of the tool showing the needle valve arrangement.

Like parts are identified by the same reference characters throughout the several views. The body of the tool comprises three principal parts including the cylinder casing 10, bottom cap member 11 and top cap member 12. The bottom cap member has ears 13, while a retaining ring 14 applied to the top cap member 12 has corresponding portions connected to said ears by means of the tension bolts 15. These two tension bolts hold the entire assembly together and upon unscrewing their respective nuts, all the interior parts of the mechanism may be exposed immediately for removal or replacement.

The cylinder casing 10 is provided internally witha cylinder 16 in which the piston 17 is reciprocable. The piston carries integrallya hammer 18 adapted in or near" the extreme piston position to strike the anvil 19 which is connected to a plunger 20 guided within the lower end of the cylinder casing. Plunger 20 resets directlyupon the end of the drill, chisel, or other tool 21 1 which is loosely received in the bore 22 of the bottom cap plate 11 and held in place in the usual way by the pivoted catch or detent 23.

cushion 24 positioned to take the hammer blow upon anvil 19 when the tool is not being held against the work. A packing ring is preferably used at 25 to prevent the possible escape of gas past plunger 20.

. The downward movement of piston 17 compresses a supporting spring which has a portion 30 of normal strength and a stronger portion 31 which has a strength exceeding that required for the support of the piston.

It .is possible that both of these spring portions may comprise an integral part of asingle spring, one. end of which is relatively heavy and the other of which is relatively less heavy. In the interests of simplicity of manufacture, however, it is preferred to-use two separate springs of ordinary helical form and preferably wound in opposite directions so as to obviate the necessity which would otherwise exist for an intermediate floating spring seat.

The interior portion of cylinder casing 10 in which the springs-are housed serves as a compression chamber for compressing carbureted gases on their way to the combustion chamber. The fuel support means will now be described. 1

Casing 10 has a boss 33 havingports 34 and 34' separated by an intervening web 35.

The fuel tank and carbureting device comprise a unitary structure shown at 36in which a fuel reservoir 37 is supplied with fuel through filler cap 38; To the bottom of unit 36 is applied a valve fitting 39 which carries an air valve 40 in passage 41 and a needle valve 42 in a duct leading at 43 from a screened outlet in the bottom of the reservoir 37 and opening at 44 to the seat of the air'valve so that the passage of air lifting 40 valve 40 from its seat will create an aspirating effect tending to draw a predetermined ratio of fuel throu h the discharge duct 44 in the usual way. The air passage 41 is extended upwardly beneath an overhanging visor 45 as shown in- Figure 3 to eliminate dust so far as is possible.

An annular shoulder 48 surrounds the end of manifold section 47 and is adapted to en'- gage upon the outer peripher of boss 33. Two bolts at 49 mount the uel and carburetion unit rigidly upon the engine and comprise the only mounting means. It is particularly to be noted that the connection is made at a point well below the combustion chamber and that the fuel tank is spaced from the heated portions of the en ine. As a matter of fact, it is spaced from tie engine at all points except its point of connection upon boss 33 which is cooled by the gases admitted to the manifold.

Formed integrally within fuel unit 36, is a manifold divided centrally by a web'47 arranged to register with web 35 and terminating at 47' immediately adjacent the valve 40. The manifold passage at one side of this web communicates with port 34, while the manifold passage at the other side of-the web communicates with port 34. Port 34 leads to the compression chamber below the plston as is clearly shown in Figure 1, while port 34' leads to a manifold 51 through which the compressed carbureted mixture is admitted through ports 52 to the combustion chamber. It will be obvious therefore that'the only communication between the compression chamber below the piston and the combustion chamber above the piston is through port 34 and the manifold at one side of partition 47 to a point adjacent the mixing valve 40 and then upwardly along the other side or partition 47 through port 34' and manifold portions 50 and 51 to the inlet ports 52.

The inlet ports are intermittently uncovered by the cut-away portion 53 of piston 17. During the compression stroke of the piston the energy stored in compression spring 30, air entering through pipe 41 will open valve 40 and enter the manifold passa'ge shownin Figure 1 leading through port 34 to the compression chamber below the piston, such air will be carbureted in its passage between valve 40 and the seat thereof. During the expansion stroke, products of combustion will escape through exhaust port 53 leaving a partial vacuum in combustion chamber 16 into which the compressed gases in the compression chamber will rush through the set of communicating passages which will lead such gases back across the surface of the mixing valve, whereby to pick up and sweep from-the passage any possible accumulation of liquid fuel therein. This arrangementWwhereby the entire manifold system clear to the face of the mixing valve is swept by the compressed charge entering the cylinder at the timeport 52 is uncovered, is regarded as of considerable importance and in practice has been found to'eliminate dif- -ficulties heretofore experienced in the way of flooding in two cycle engines.

In this embodiment of the invention battery ignition is contemplated from some outside source of'current. The compressed gases in combustion chamber 27 are ignited by a spark produced between the electrodes 54'of spark plug 55 when contact is established to ground through the timer mechanism 56.

The timer includes a contact plunger 57 which rides on the face of the piston to enter groove 58 therein. Plunger 57 is grounded at all times to the body of the machine. Insulated from such body by a dielectric liner 59, is a stationary contact 60 connected by spring 61 with binding post 62, the arrangement being such that when plunger 57 is forced by its compression spring 63 into groove 58 near the lower-end of the piston, contact will be established between the plung er and the stationary contact 60 to complete lot a circuit through ground to the grounded electrode of spark-plug 55. v v i It will be observed that in its uppermost position, the pistonhas moved the spring groove 58 out of registry withvplunger 57. The arrangement is such as totime the ignition slightly in advance of the end of the piston stroke for maximum efficiency. At the'same time, the timer contact is open in the uppermost position of the piston, thereby avoiding possible waste of current when the apparatus notin use. i d I V Pin 65projecting into the cylinder casing from'its side enters a longitudinal groove 66 in piston 17 and thereby serves to guide the piston and to maintain the channel or depression 58 170 registry with the end of plunger 57. This arrangement avoids wear on the timer and plunger such as might cause it to hinder stick if it performed the guiding function in addition to its functionof reciprocation. In this arrangement, the timing plunger rides normally directly'upon the exterior surface of the piston.

Due to the use of a solid piston, there is a tendency for the interior of the piston to become excessively heated. This is avoided in part'by the use of a symmetrical series of bores 68 and 69' which extend radially immediately beneath the face of the piston and, in effect, provide a symmetrically and uniformly 'honeycombed piston head. Thisjfeature is more fully disclosed in my application Se rial No. 227,656 filedOctober 21,1927 and,

- since no claims are directed to this'feature in this application, it is deemed unnecessary toburden the present case with further de{ tails. The air contained in these bores insulates the body of the piston frpm the heat of the combustion chamber. Th symmetry of thebores is desirable in order 0 avoid un equal heating and corresponding i1nequalex-- pansion of the piston.

" the cylinder wall in Saunders Patent Uverheating is also avoided the use of an extended cooling system. It will be obvious that the cooling fins. applied directlyfi to 1,463,595 have a definitely limited area. l

have found it desirable in my improvedengine to increase this area and this is accomplished by forming fins or breather,- rings 68 upon the outer periphery of a jacket 70 instead of upon the cylinder itself. Not only is the jacket of censiderably larger diameter than the cylinder, thereby increasing the area of the fins without increasing .their length; but, moreover, it will be obvious that i the jacket may be extended, as at 71 far above combustion chamber 27 thereby making room for an additional number of'fins 68. The jacket space 72 encircles the wall of cylinder 16 and extends upwardly within the jacket extension as at 73. The jacket space is adapted toreceive a liquid such asoil or the like which, by its convection currents, will carry ,vao 3 heat fromthe cylinder to the entire periphcry of the jacket. The heat is then dissipated through "fins 68, both by radiation and byair currents set in motion by the annular plates 75 described in Saunders Patent No. 1,463;

595, the inertia of such plates causing them to move between consecutive cooling flanges veniently manipulated and guided by the tubular handles which are formed integrally with the clamping ring 14 and project laterally in a radial direction therefrom. One'of conduit for the-ignition wires fully-cites the specified objects, nevertheless,

I do not regard the invention as limited to this particular embodiment and-wishtopoint out that'various modifications may be made 9 these handles serves as a guide and 81 which lead .to the conveniently located cut-oil switch 82 the foregoing I within the spirit andintent of the above descriptionand appended claims.

ll claim: i 1. In a device of the character described, the combination with an engine provided with a manifold, of a fuel supplytank communicating with the manifold and connected with said engine for support thereby solely at said manifold 2t Ina device of the character described, the combination with an engine provided with an intake manifold port, of a fuel supply tank provided ,with a manifold section adaptedto register with the manifold port of said engine, means wholly adequate for carrying said tank and connecting said tank to said engine adjacent said port, and a carbureting means associated with said tank and mounted therewith, said tank being spaced from said engine except adjacent said port.

- 3. The combination with an engine provided with a manifold having an inletv port in aprojecting boss, of a fuel supply tank, a carbureting unit provided with amanifold section registering with said port, valve means controlling the admission of air and fuel to said last mentioned manifold section,

and means cgnnecting said unit with said ed with a manifold having an inlet port ina projecting boss, of a fuel supply tank, a car-.

buretingunit provided with a manifold section registering with said port, valve means controlling the admission of air and fuel to said last mentioned manifold section, means connecting said unit and said boss, said unit being spaced from said engine except at said boss, and being provided with a flange interengaging with said boss.

5. The combination with an engine provided with an intake manifold and a port opening through a lateral boss in communication with said manifold, of a fuel tank unit secured to said engine solely at said boss and in spaced relation thereto except at the point of connection therewith, said unitcomprising a storage tank for fuel, a manifold section communicating with said port and opening to the atmosphere, a check valve in said section, and a fuel duct adapted to supply fuel from said tank to air traversing said manifold section.

6. In a device'of the-character described,

the combination with an engine provided with-a laterally opening port, ofa fuel tank unit secured to said engine only at said port and supported therefrom in spaced relation at other points,'a supply tank in said unit, a manifold section communicating with said port and extending beneath said tank, a check 'valve in said section controlling communication of the atmosphere with said port, and

means for supplying fuel to air traversing said section. r

7, In a device of the character described,

the combination with a cylinder providing combustion and compression chamber spaces and a piston reciprocable therein, of a boss on said cylinder provided with ports communicating respectively with said spaces, a

fuel supply unit secured to said boss and pro-.

vided with passages communicating with the respective ports therein and united adjacent an additional .portin said unit comprising the sole means for admitting gases to said spaces, and a valve controlling said last mentioned port and exposed to gases passing from the compression chamber space to the combus tion chamber space through said passages.

8. In'a device of the character described, the combination with a piston, of a cylinder provided witha compression chamber, a combustion chamber, a boss upon its side, and passages leading from said chambers and opening at said boss, a fuel supply unit mounted upon said boss andprovided with an inlet port' and passages'leading therefrom to register with the passages opening at said boss, and a mixing valve controlling said port and comprising the sole means for admitting gases to the compression chamber, whereby gases so admitted must pass adjacent said.

valve in traversing said passages from the compression chamber to the combustion chamber.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having a com-1 bustion chamber and a compression chamber and a-port leading from each of the chambers to the exterior thereof, of a fuel tank unit connected with said cylinder and supported solely therefrom including arstorage tank an air inlet and a pair of passages each connected with one of said ports, and a carbureting chamber connecting said tank, said inlet and said passages.

10. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having a combustion chamber and compression chamber and a wall provided with laterally adjacent ports communicating with the respective chambers, of a carburetion unit affording the sole means of communication between said ports and connected with said cylinder around'said ports, said unit comprising a pair of passages terminating in registry with the respective ports, a carburetion chamber affording communication between said pas port immediately adjacent the point of communication aforesaid, a valve controlling flow through said air admission port, and means for supplying a hydrocarbon to said carburetion chamber.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder having a combustion chamber and compression chamber and a wall provided with laterally adjacent ports communicating with the respective chambers, of a carburetion unit affording the sole means of communication between said ports and connected with said cylinder around said ports, said unit comprising a pair of passages terminating in registry with the respective ports, a carburetion chamber affording communication between said passages and provided with an air admission port immediately adjacent the point of communication aforesaid, a valve controlling flo w through said air admission port, and means for supplying a hydrocarbon to said carburetion chamber, said unit including also a storage tank for hydrocarbon fuel supported-wholly from said cylinder-through the connection of said unit with the cylinder aforesaid.

JAMES A. MOULD. 

